Posted on Mar 9, 2022

Regardless of the cause of lung cancer, one thing remains true. Without the ability to detect these cancers early and without the means to treat them, more people will have poor outcomes. For many people, a lack of affordable quality health care is the biggest issue.

Thankfully, there are a number of health insurance options you can consider to cut costs and make a challenging situation more manageable. This article will address how Medicare and Medicaid can help, including who is eligible for these programs and what they cover.

More than a half-million Americans live with lung cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates there will be more than 236,000 new diagnoses of lung cancer in 2022 and that more than 130,000 people will die from the disease. Unfortunately, 74% of cases are detected after the disease has spread outside the lungs.

The Cost of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer can come at a high cost. There are different phases of your medical treatment that should be taken into consideration.

Screening and diagnosis: You may need frequent visits with healthcare providers and tests like low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans and biopsies (a tissue sample is taken to analyze) to look for the disease. Screening may be pursued based on your risk factors or on symptoms you have.
Treatment: Once a diagnosis is made, decisions must be made on how to treat it. That may include chemotherapy (drugs that inhibit fast-growing cells), immunotherapy (drugs that teach the immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells), radiation treatment (high energy beams that destroy targeted areas of tissue), and even surgery.
Monitoring and follow-up: After cancer is treated, you will continue to require regular follow-up visits and tests to make sure cancer has not come back or getting worse.

A 2005 study in Lung Cancer followed more than 2,000 people with lung cancer for up to two years. On average, people who responded to their initial treatment regimen spent approximately $46,000 on healthcare costs over that time. Those that failed their first treatment regimen required more extensive care and spent more than $120,000.

Keep in mind this study was performed before many of the more expensive immunotherapies were in use. Costs are likely much higher today.

Financial Assistance

Most people cannot afford the cost of lung cancer treatments without insurance or financial assistance. You may want to consider reaching out to prescription assistance programs (e.g., Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America’s Medicine Assistance Tool) or charitable resources (e.g., Patient Access Network Foundation's FundFinder) to keep costs in check.

Medicare vs. Medicaid

With the rising costs of lung cancer care, it is more important than ever to make sure you have health coverage. This is where Medicare and Medicaid fit in. Although they have similar names and both receive funding from the federal government, they are fundamentally different.

Medicare

Medicare was created in 1965 to provide health coverage for people over 65. It expanded its coverage to people with qualifying disabilities in 1973.

Part A: As part of Original Medicare, Part A is run by the federal government. It covers care you receive while you are hospitalized as an inpatient, care in a skilled nursing facility after an inpatient hospital stay, hospice care, and home health services.
Part B: Also part of Original Medicare, Part B covers care you receive in a hospital when you are under observation and care you receive outside of the hospital, including office visits, lab tests, imaging studies, preventive screening, therapy sessions, and some medications and vaccines.
Part C: Also known as Medicare Advantage, you can opt for Part C instead of Original Medicare. It covers everything that Original Medicare does but can add supplemental benefits and prescription drug coverage. This part of Medicare is run by private insurance companies.
Part D: Also run by private insurance companies, this part of Medicare covers prescription medications.

There are also Medicare Supplement plans known as Medigap plans that can help to pay down the costs that Original Medicare leaves on the table, costs like deductibles (an amount you pay before insurance covers the rest), copays (an amount you pay each time for a service), and coinsurance (a percentage you pay for a service, up to a yearly maximum).

Medigap Open Enrollment

Medigap has a one-time Open Enrollment Period that starts the day you enroll in Part B and lasts six months. After that time, Medigap plans can increase their rates or deny you coverage based on pre-existing conditions, like lung cancer.

Some states offer additional enrollment periods that allow you to change to a different Medigap plan without facing rate hikes.

Medicaid

Medicaid was also created in 1965 but was intended to provide assistance for people with low incomes, rather than older adults or people with disabilities. That said, some people may qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid. This is known as being dual eligible.

While Medicaid receives some funding from the federal government, it is also partially funded by and is wholly run by the states. The federal government sets guidelines for what each state must cover. Beyond that, each state ultimately decides who and what is covered.15 Coverage may be provided by the state or by private insurance companies.

Does Medicare Cover Lung Cancer?

Medicare covers many services for lung cancer, but costs can still add up. A 2018 study in Cancer Medicine looked at the amount people on Medicare spent for lung cancer at different stages.

During the screening and diagnostic phase, the average spent was $861. Chemotherapy and radiation costs averaged $4,242 to $8,287 per month over the first six months of care. The average cost of surgery, if pursued, was $30,096. This analysis, again, did not include the cost of more expensive immunotherapies.

Screening

Medicare Part B offers free lung cancer screening with low-dose CT scans to beneficiaries who meet qualifying criteria.

Specifically, they must be between 55 and 77, have no symptoms of lung cancer, have smoked within the past 15 years (or still be smoking), have a 30-pack-year smoking history (e.g., a pack per day for 30 years), and have their test ordered by a physician.

To be free, the test must be ordered by a doctor that accepts assignment (agrees to the Medicare fee schedule). In all other cases, screening and diagnostic tests will require you to pay a 20% coinsurance.

Screening vs. Diagnostic Tests

Screening tests are those that are performed when someone is at risk but does not have symptoms. Diagnostic tests, on the other hand, are those that are completed when someone is symptomatic.

Treatment

Part A covers chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation treatments administered while you are hospitalized as an inpatient. It also covers surgeries that are on the inpatient only list and other surgeries depending on your situation.

In 2022, you will pay a $1,556 deductible for the first 60 days of your hospital stay as well as 20% for any physician fees. Hospital days 61 to 90 will cost you $389 per day and you will pay $778 for hospital days 91 and over. The latter are referred to as lifetime reserve days and Medicare only covers 60 of them in total.

Part B covers IV chemotherapy treatments administered by a healthcare provider, some oral chemotherapy agents, radiation treatments, and medically necessary surgeries that are not covered by Part A. You will pay 20% of the cost for each treatment.

Part D plans cover a wide range of chemotherapy treatments and can offer immunotherapy as well. You will pay deductibles, coinsurance, and/or copays for each drug, though the costs will vary based on your plan.

Other

Treatment is not the end of the lung cancer journey. You may require follow-up studies with blood tests, CT scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, or X-rays to see if your cancer has come back or if it has spread to other areas of the body.

Unless you were hospitalized as an inpatient (Part A covers in that case), these studies would be covered by Part B.

Some cancer treatments can have long-term side effects. They may require monitoring and treatment all their own. Part B will cover services that are deemed medically necessary.

Part B will also cover the cost of visits with health providers ranging from physicians to physical therapists. Again, you would be responsible for 20% of the cost of each service.

Please know that this is not an all-inclusive list of tests and treatments for lung cancer and that other services may be covered.

Original post: https://www.verywellhealth.com/medicaid-for-cancer-patients-coverage-and-eligibility-5218433